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百度　　七、各缔约单位共同建立、健全“互联网视听节目信息库”系统（），使其能及时为各缔约单位提供节目信息指导与服务。

????????????? ???????, ??????????? (?-???????)?-??????? ???? eCommerce ???? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??????????????? ???? ?????????????. ???????????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????????????. ? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????, ????? ???? ?????????????, ???????????? ????? ????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ????????????? ???? ??????(EDI), ????-?????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ?????????????? ??????????????. ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ?-???? ???? ?? ??????????????.. ???? ????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????????. ???? ???? ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????. ??????? ? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?-????? ???? ?????????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?-???? ???? ?????????????. ??????????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ????????? ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? B2B ???? ?????????????. ??????????? ???? ???????????? B2B ??????????? (????????? ????? ??????) ???? ????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ????? ???????????? ??????? (????? ????????????? ?????????). ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????. ???????? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? B2C ???? ??????????????. ? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? Amazon.com???? ????????? ??????????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ???. ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????????????????. ? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????. ????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????; ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????, ????????? ??? ????????????? Amazon.com ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????, ????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? eBay.com???? ?????????????. ????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?-????????? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ??? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????.

??????

?????? ????????

????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? 30 ?????????? ???????????? ???????. ?????, ????????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????????, ????????????? ???? ??????(EDI)???? ????????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ????????? 1970? ?????????????? ?????????????. ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????, ?????????? ???? ??? ????????(ATM) ???? 1980????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????. ?-??????? ? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? USA????? ????? ???? UK????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ???????, ????????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? IBM PC, ????????????, ???? Inc. ???? ?? ?????????/www?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????. ???? 1979?????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????????, 26" ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????.^[?] ????? ????????? B2B 1981? ??????? ????????^[?], ????? ????????? B2C ????? 1984? ?????? ???? ????/??????.^[?] ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? Mrs ???? ????????, 72, ?????? ????, ?????????, ?? 1984?????.^[?] ???? 1980?????, ????????? UK????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ??????????[? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????????], ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ???????.^[?] ???? 1984/5? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????????. ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????. ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????????????.^[?] ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ????????????? ???? ?????????; ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????. 1980????? ??? ??????????? 2010? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ?????????????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????; ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? 1990?????????, ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????????? (ERP), ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????????, ????????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????, 1982????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????????. ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????, ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ???????^{[clarification needed]} ?????? ????????????? 1991????? ?????????????. ???? 1990????? ???? ????????-?? ??????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????, ??????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????/www ???????? ???????. ???? 1991? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????????.^[?] ???????, 1994? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????????. ?????? DSL ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ???? 2000?? ????? ????????, ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ????????. ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????? "? ???????" ??? ??????? ???????????.

???? ????

1979: ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????.
1981: ??????? ????????, UK ???? B2B ??????? ??????? ?????.
1982: ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????; ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????.
1984: ?????? ???? SIS/?????? ???? B2C ??????? ??????? ???? Mrs ????????,72, ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
1985: ???????? UK ?????????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?????????.
1987: ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????????? ???????????.
1990: ???? ????????-?? ???? ??????? ??????? 0}??????? ???? ????, ???? NeXT????????? ????????? ???????????.
1992: J.H. ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????????????: ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??. ?????? ??????????? ???????. ISBN 0-312-06359-8
1994: ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????, ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ??????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????, ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??. ?????????? 1.0, 1994? ?????????????? ?????????????.SSL ??? ???????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????.
1995: ?????? ?????? Amazon.com ???? ???????????????? ???? ???? ???????-???? 24 ??????, ????-??????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? HK ???? NetRadio ???? ??????????? ???????????????. ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????. eBay????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????????.
1998: ????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ?????????????. ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ??????????????.
1999: Business.com US $7.5 ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????, ??? 1997????? US $149,000???? ????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ATG ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????.
2000: ?? ????-???? ?????.
2002: eBay PayPal???? $1.5 ??????? ?? ???????. ??????????? ??????? ?????????? CSN ???????? ???? NetShops?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ?????????????.
2003: Amazon.com???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????.
2007: Business.com ???? R.H. ?????????? $345 ??????? ?? ???????????.
2009: Zappos.com???? Amazon.com $928 ??????? ?? ????????????.^[?] ?????? ?????????????, ????? ????? ???????? ???????? RueLaLa.com???? GSI ???????$180 ??????? ?? ????????????, ?????? 2012????? ?????????? ?????? $170 ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????????^[?].
2010: US eCommerce ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? $173 ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??? 2009? ??????????? ????? 7????? ??????????^[??].

?????????? ???????

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???????? ???????? ?????, ????? ????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??????(FTC)???? ????????????????. ? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ???, ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????. 2003? CAN-SPAM ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ???????????????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????, ???? ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????????.^[??] FTC ????? (??????) ???? ??????????? ????????? ???? 5? ????????, ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????. ??? ??????? FTC ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???????????????????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????.^[??] ??????????, ?-??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? FTC? ???????? ??????????????. ???? 2008????? ?????? ??? 2008? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????.^[??]

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?????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????(??????? ) "?????" ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? "????" ??????????????? ?????????. ?????? ?????????, ????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????????????. ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????. ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??? ????????, ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ??????. ? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???? ????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ????????? ???? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????(???????) ?????? ???????????????. ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????????.

?????? ??????

??????????

↑ 2008 ?????????.M ?? ??????????'?? ?????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ??? ??????? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.
↑ 1998 ??????? C ??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? 21 ?? 6 ??? 26-29 ????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ?????? [?? ?????????? B.V. ???????? 1988. ???????? ?????? ??? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.
↑ 1984 ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ?? IEEE. ????? ?????????? 1984 p6 [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.
↑ 2008 ????????? M ????????? Mrs ???????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ??? ??????? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????????? ???? Mrs ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ITN ????? ??? 1984 ????? ????????
↑ "??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ??? ???????". Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
↑ 1988 ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????, ????? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.
↑ ?????? ??????: ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????, ??????? 13.08, ?????? 2005
↑ "Press Release". TechCrunch.
↑ "Press Release". Reuters.
↑ "US Online Retail Forecast, 2009 To 2014". Forrester Research, Inc.
↑ "Advertising and Marketing on the Internet: Rules of the Road". Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
↑ "Enforcing Privacy Promises: Section 5 of the FTC Act". Federal Trade Commission.
↑ "H.R. 6353: Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008". Govtrack. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

??????

Chaudhury, Abijit (2002). e-Business and e-Commerce Infrastructure. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-247875-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Frieden, Jonathan D.; Roche, Sean Patrick (2025-08-05), "E-Commerce: Legal Issues of the Online Retailer in Virginia" (PDF), Richmond Journal of Law & Technology, 13 (2)
Graham, Mark (2008), "Warped Geographies of Development: The Internet and Theories of Economic Development" (PDF), Geography Compass, 2 (3): 771, doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00093.x, archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-05, retrieved 2025-08-05
?????????, M. (2003). ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ????? 13, 2004????? ????????????????
Nissanoff, Daniel (2006). FutureShop: How the New Auction Culture Will Revolutionize the Way We Buy, Sell and Get the Things We Really Want (Hardcover ed.). The Penguin Press. pp. 246 pages. ISBN 1-59420-077-7.
Seybold, Pat (2001). Customers.com. Crown Business Books (Random House). ISBN 0-609-60772-3.
Miller, Roger (2002). The Legal and E-Commerce Environment Today (Hardcover ed.). Thomson Learning. pp. 741 pages. ISBN 0-324-06188-9.

?????? ????????

US ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ?-??????? ???? ???? ????????????? Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.

[1] 2008 ?????????.M ?? ??????????'?? ?????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ??? ??????? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.

[2] 1998 ??????? C ??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? 21 ?? 6 ??? 26-29 ????????????? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ?????? [?? ?????????? B.V. ???????? 1988. ???????? ?????? ??? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.

[3] 1984 ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????????????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ?? IEEE. ????? ?????????? 1984 p6 [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.

[4] 2008 ????????? M ????????? Mrs ???????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ??? ??????? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????????? ???? Mrs ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ITN ????? ??? 1984 ????? ????????

[5] "??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ??? ???????". Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

[6] 1988 ??????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????, ????? [?] Archived 2025-08-05 ???????? ?????? ?????.

[7] ?????? ??????: ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????, ??????? 13.08, ?????? 2005

[8] "Press Release". TechCrunch.

[9] "Press Release". Reuters.

[10] "US Online Retail Forecast, 2009 To 2014". Forrester Research, Inc.

[11] "Advertising and Marketing on the Internet: Rules of the Road". Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

[12] "Enforcing Privacy Promises: Section 5 of the FTC Act". Federal Trade Commission.

[13] "H.R. 6353: Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008". Govtrack. Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.

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